The Impact Of The Olympics And Paralympics Tourism Essay

The Impact Of The Olympics And Paralympics Tourism EssayThe aim of this search is to identify the involve of the Olympics and Paralympics on tourism in capital of the United Kingdom, illustrating environmental, economical and tender effects. Firstly, the essay leave behind assert how the Olympics affected the environment, even though in 2005 capital of the United Kingdom engaged to stage the greenest games in history. Moreover, the influence of the games upon the economy will be underlined, delimitate both, positive and negative aspects regarding the host of the Olympics. Furtherto a greater extent, the affable effects of the 2012 Olympic Games will be examined, emphasizing the evolution of not only East capital of the United Kingdom athletic field and the main tourist tendernesss during the summer of 2012, but of the entire city. This essay will argue that the Olympics and Paralympics had both positive and negative aspects, having an important influence upon capital of the United Kingdom and do changes in economy, society and environment.Londons 2012 Olympics and Paralympics had a strong impact against the environment. The environment protection played one of the decisive parts of Londons bid for the games, London planning since July 2005 to stage the greenest games in history. The main concept of the games was One Planet Olympics, London concentrating on minimising the nose candy emissions, on biodiversity, lavishness and advertising the protection of the environment against pollution. First of altogether, for the low carbon emissions, London planned to reduce the venues construction, using the existing legacy as the official website of the Olympics declaredFurthermore, the new venues built, the Olympic Stadium, the Velodrome and the Aquatics Centre were energy-efficient, created to be sustainable as far as possible. In addition to reduce the carbon emissions footprint, London promoted public transport, offering one day travel pass to ein truthon e who bought a ticket for the games and also tried to instigate people to go to the Olympics cycling or walking with the aid of the Active Travel programme as it was written in The Independent newspaperThe environment impact was significant, even though all the measures were taken to host completely sustainable games. Thereby, the initial target of the planning committee of London Olympics was to use only renewable energy to minimise the carbon emissions. Even if the original purpose was to stage the most sustainable games, they were not entirely sustainable, though the 2012 Olympics had certainly a considerable less impact against the environment than any other Olympic Games in the history. The wind tunnels were also an important plan of the committee, helping to supply approximately 20% of the energy demanded for the games, but at last this measure was not taken. The results of the target were harsh criticised by Darren Johnson, one of the members of London Assembly Green Party w ho stated in the BBC newsEven if in great measure the Olympics affected Londons environment, they had positive effects too, causing important changes in the environment. The most significant positive change that happened was the waterways dredging. They invested in a multi-million pound programme for dredging the waterways near the Olympic Park, which helped to develop the wildlife, but also improved the water quality. The dredging programme helped to remove tonnes of garbage, as the study From browned to Green of the Olympic Delivery Authority concludedMoreover, another well known project, which helped to improve the environment was Green Clean-up, which cleaned a huge area around the Olympic Park. Hundreds of thousands of soil were purified by The soil Hospital cleaning it from contaminants and transforming it into material which could be re-used.Economy has likewise suffered many changes, 2012 Olympics and Paralympics having a huge impact upon Londons economy. One of the most important impact that the games had on London economy was creating new jobs. It was announced by the government that per total, approximately 30.000 new jobs will be created from 2009 to 2012. An essential change that helped boosting the economy was building the new shop Center, Westfield Stratford City next to Olympic Park. By opening a new shopping centre in such a poor area like Stratford provided thousands of new jobs, but also transformed one of the poorest areas into a main attraction zone for tourists as Mr. Johnson declared for BBC newsEven if there were dope of positive changes upon Londons 2012 economy, negative aspects were visible too.Furthermore, another impact of the games was the diversity of Stratford area and the surroundings. The London Development Agencys target besides regenerating was to develop this zone for 30 years after the Olympics. Moreover, thousands of new low-priced houses were built around the Olympic Park as it is stated in a report made by British LibraryAlthough there were plenty of positive changes upon Londons 2012 economy, negative aspects were visible too. One of the negative impacts is that the economy grew only by 1% when everyone expected it to grow very much more than it did. The hospitality industry presumed this summer will be the most prosperous because of the mega event, but in fact, it was proved to be an unpleasant surprise and most of the hotels were drop off as one hotelier declared for Daily Mail newspaperAlso, The British Museum has reported a considerable decrease in the number of visitors, in comparison with the past years, London being described as a ghost town this time of the year. Besides hospitality industry, which has not gained as much as it was expected to, also the taxi business suffered a great loss because the demand for cabs decreased by about 20-40% as the general escritoire of the Licensed Taxi Drivers, Steve McNamara Association declared in The Independent newspaper.Londons 2012 Olympic s and Paralympics had likewise a huge impact upon Londons social life. The decision of hosting the 2012 Olympics had mostly positive effects upon London. First of all, hosting the games stimulated people to discover more of Londons national treasures such as museums, monuments and allege tourists about the unique places that London has to offer. Moreover, another social change that took place was encouraging people to take part in more cultural programmes and activities and claim the international audience about the culture of Great Britain as it was stated in Meta-Evaluation of the Impacts and Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games report.Also, another positive aspect of re-create the Olympics is referring to social actions and volunteering. Analyses showed an increase in the volunteering and community activities, people being come ond to participate in volunteering programmes co-operating to help developing the society, focusing on the preparations for th e most waited event, London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics. Another positive change upon Londons social life would be that Olympics will enhance and support sports activities and will invest in facilities to encourage people take part in sports activities for a healthier life.One of the negative impacts against Londons social life was the fact that the city became very crowded because tourists from all over the world came to London this summer to attend the mega event. Furthermore, another negative aspect was that the quantity of litter increased taking into attachment that the number of tourists increased that much and nevertheless, hosting the games increased also the quantity of pollution. Another negative aspect would be the fact that many buildings such as schools and campuses were demolish to build instead of them the venues for the Olympic Games and people were forced to move from the Olympic Park area.In conclusion, 2012 Olympics and Paralympics had a significant impact on Londons tourism. Since 2005, Londons tourism experienced three phases. Firstly, after July 2005 when United Kingdom won the bid to host the Olympics in 2012, tourism in London increased, visitor coming to see the hosting city of the 2012 Olympic Games. Secondly, the most important phase, during the Olympics, when millions of tourists came to London to attend the most waited event for the United Kingdom, which boosted the industry of tourism in London. Besides amplifying the tourism industry, the Olympics had also a substantial effect upon the economy, the society and the environment. The statistics reported that after the Olympics the economy grew by 1% percent, but also the social and environmental impacts were notable because hosting the games led to regenerate and develop one of the poorest areas of London and transformed it into a main attraction zone for visitors. The last phase of the Olympics impact upon Londons tourism represents the period after hosting the games. Although the benefits of hosting the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics were not as significant as everyone thought, they had a huge impact upon Londons tourism, remain known as the greenest games in history.

Challenging the Identity of the Family in What Maisie Knew by Henry Jam

Challenging the Identity of the Familyin What Maisie K stark naked Although Henry James did not delay himself exclusively to the scope of literary themes facing America, in his novel What Maisie Knew, he did challenge the changing identity of the modern family.At the turn of the century, the dynamics of the family excogitation became an important theme in American literature due to such issues as the increased social mobility of the industrial age, the new emerging independence of women, and a modern view that lent itself to challenging tradition.For many of James contemporaries, Edith Wharton, for example, a colleague and friend of James, this theme became the focus of works like The Other Two.In this work, the new bureaus facing the family illustrate themselves through the central agent of the child, who remains the focus for bringing these circumstances to light.While the child never enters the action of the story, she becomes the catalyst that brings near the adult confron tations that shape, not necessarily for the better, the identity of the family.In James novel, though set in Europe and intended to present an extreme case, the same type of situation remains.The focus for this work, however, targets the psychology of the child.James proves more interested in the effect that the dynamics of the modern family have on the children than on the issues themselves.The situations that the members of Maisies family create force her into a number of roles that strip the innocence of her youth and quickly introduce her to the corrupt reality of adulthood. Although Maisie must encounter situations that, at first, are apparently beyond her control, she quickl... ...lues attached by the narrator and the other characters in the novel, as well as Maisies own actions, we can trace her understanding and her ability to affect her situation throughout the novel. Her own understanding Maisie never entirely reveals until the end of the novel, but we can see that she d eserves more credit than she receives. What Maisie Knew. Ricks, Christopher (ed. and introd.). New York, NY Penguin 2010.

The Birthmark Essay -- essays research papers fc

&65279 A Story of hunch over and ScienceA Story of Love and ScienceNathaniel Hawthorne is a nineteenth century AmericanNovelist whose works are deeply concerned with the ethicalproblems of sin, punish handst, and atonement (Adams 168). The NewEngland writer also handles the romanticistic theme very well and is amaster of historical fiction. Hawthorne was a descendant of oneof the judges at the Salem witch trials, and he suffice many of hisworks in Puritan New England and during early crises in Americanhistory (Encarta).The Birthmark, like many of Hawthornes stories deals withthe relationship between men and women. It is a love story wherethe quest for perfection leads to a tragic end. The protagonist,a scientist named Aylmer, attempts to attain perfection for hisnew wife Georgiana, by removing a birthmark resembling a smallhand from her left cheek. Written in 1843, it was Hawthornesfirst work of fiction right after he married his wife, Sophia(Encarta). This adds learning to the story in a way that Hawthornecan relate to it in a more direct manner. It was written duringthe Old Manse period in Hawthornes life (July 1842 to October1845) when he was becoming interested in the place in society ofthe artist. In The Birthmark Hawthorne finishes by givingcredit to the flaws and imperfections of serviceman nature. The story shows Hawthornes opinion that some things thatwere created by God cannot be changed. This can be seen from anarticle in the American Magazine of Useful and entertainKnowledge in 1836 where he stated the Creator has absolutelydebarred mankind from all inventions and discoveries, the resultsof which would counter act the general laws, that He hasestablished over merciful affairs, (Adams 169). In The Birthmark, Hawthorne uses the obsession of thescientist Aylmer who wishes to combine the love he has forscience with the love for his wife. Aylmer sees the birthmark onhis wifes cheek of an imperfection and a symbol of mansmortality. Aylmer is desc ribed in terms of high praise, praisefor his aspiration toward the infinite, for his pure andhonorable love that will accept nothing little than perfection(Jones 193). Aylmers effort in removi... ...st die, as Georgiana does.In The Birthmark Hawthorne presents a love story thatbrings forth the larger idea of mans quest for perfection. Heconcludes that the perfect love and the perfect wife cannot beattained through mans own actions. Hawthorne used his knowledgeof transcendentalism to put forth the idea that man could use hisknowledge and abilities to overcome nature. The storys tragicending shows that science cannot change mans basic nature andthat some things should not be messed with. Love and sciencesometimes do not mix. Works CitedAdams, Richard. N.p. n.p., 1958. Rpt. in Short StoryCriticism. Ed. Sheila Fitzgerald. Vol. 3. Detroit Gale,1989. 169-170Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Celestrial railway system and Other Stories. New York Signet, 1963.Jones, Madison. Variations on a Hawt horne Theme. Studies in Short Fiction. 15.3 (1978) 227-83Nathaniel Hawthorne. Microsoft Encarta Encylopedia 99. CD-ROM. N.p. n.p, 1999.Wohlpart, James. Allegories of Art, Allegories of HeartHawthornes Egotism and The Christmas Banquet. Studiesin Short Fiction. 31.3 (1994) 449-95.

Inquisition :: essays research papers

The procedure, on the other hand, was substantially the same as that already described. Here, too, a "term of grace" of cardinal to forty days was invariably granted, and was often prolonged. Imprisonment resulted only when unanimity had been arrived at, or the offence had been proved. Examination of the accused could take place only in the presence of two disinterested priests, whose obligation it was to restrain any arbitrary act in their presence the protocol had to be read out doubly to the accused. The defence lay always in the hands of a lawyer. The witnesses although unknown to the accused, were sworn, and very severe punishment, even death, awaited false witnesses, (cf. Brief of Leo X of 14 December, 1518). Torture was applied only too frequently and to cruelly, but certainly not more cruelly than under Charles Vs system of judicial pain in Germany. (4) Historical Analysis The Spanish Inquisition deserves neither the exaggerated praise nor the equally exaggerated vilification often bestowed on it. The number of victims cannot be calculated with even approximate accuracy the much maligned autos-da-f were in reality but a religious ceremony (actus fidei) the San Benito has its counterpart in similar garbs elsewhere the cruelty of St. Peter Arbues, to whom not a single sentence of death can be traced with certainty, belongs to the realms of fable. However, the predominant ecclesiastical nature of the institution can simply be doubted. The Holy See sancti championd the institution, accorded to the grand inquisitor canonical installation and therewith judicial authority concerning matters of faith, while from the grand inquisitor legal power passed down to the subsidiary tribunals under his control. Joseph de Maistre introduced the thesis that the Spanish Inquisition was mostly a civil tribunal formerly, however, theologians never questioned its ecclesiastical nature. Only thus, indeed, can one explain how the Popes always admitted appeals from it to the Holy See, called to themselves entire trials and that at any stage of the proceedings, exempted whole classes of believers from its jurisdiction, intervened in the legislation, deposed grand inquisitors, and so on. (See TOMS DE TORQUEMADA.) C. The Holy tycoon at RomeThe great apostasy of the sixteenth century, the filtration of heresy into Catholic lands, and the progress of heterodox teachings everywhere, prompted Paul III to establish the "Sacra Congregatio Romanae et universalis Inquisitionis seu sancti officii" by the Constitution "Licet ab initio" of 21 July, 1542.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: What It Is and My Own Personal Struggle :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Chronic devolve Syndrome What It Is and My Own Personal StruggleEveryone, especially college students (and their professors), gets a little worn out sometimes. eventide weeks before vacations begin, students start counting down the days until they get to finally sleep in and forget about the stresses of life for awhile. Chronic weariness Syndrome, however, is immensely different. It is a debilitating disorder that can prohibit the sufferer from accomplishing even the most basic, everyday tasks. The symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome atomic number 18 various. The most obvious be constant tiredness and feeling easily exhausted. Other symptoms include frequent headaches, joint and muscle pain, chills without a high fever, depression, difficulty with concentration, and tender lymph glands. Because many of these symptoms are common to other illnesses, it makes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome all the more difficult to categorize and diagnose (1). While Chronic Fatigue Syndrome has only rec ently gained publicity, it isnt a new problem. What is new is its name. Researchers chose the name because it is believed that the illness is not one single disease but a culmination of many factors (1). It is believed that at least both thirds of people suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are women, primarily Caucasian women of a middle class socioeconomic background. Most people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome relate the onset of it to a particular infection, which most often includes respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, influenza, bronchitis, sore throats, colds or diarrhea, mononucleosis, hepatitis, or jaundice. In my case, I was diagnosed later on a series of having Strep Throat three times over the course of one winter. Most people recover completely from these infections, as I did, however are left feeling very weak, tired, and depressed even long after other symptoms of the infections have disappeared (2). A common factor in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is allergy. Chron ic Fatigue Syndrome patients have twice the number of allergic skin reactions as people without the illness (2). Ive always suffered from allergies as a child, and at one point had psoriasis, a skin condition. Such experiences are not uncommon amongst people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Various studies have been conducted concerning the resistant systems of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and differences have been found between sufferers of the illness and healthy individuals. Several studies have shown that certain aspects of the immune system in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome sufferers behave abnormally. For example, the body produces two chemicals called Interleukin2 and Gamma Interferon, for the purpose of battling against cancer and infectious agents.

Rising Incidence of Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Es

Alzheimers disease is the most common dementia that destroys brain cells and accepts problems with memory, thinking and behaviour. According to recent statistics (Alzheimers Association, 2010), Alzheimers is the 7th-leading cause of death in the USA with the number of citizenry suffering from AD only in America over 5.3 million. It affects more women than men, causing differences in symptoms depending on gender. There is no cure which can guarantee a recovery for diseased people to date. However, more possible cures exist for diseased females.As per Brian Otts article on gender differences in Alzheimers disease, females have huge changes in behaviour comparing with males. This process is tightly connected with emotional instability, peevishness swings, wandering, and refers to personality change. Over listed symptoms are the first one to show up, but eventually there become more and more consequences of the disease such as frequent delusions, hallucinations, and sun-downing the e xacerbation of syndromes in the afternoon and evening, which makes a person in early stages of Alzheimers more antisocial and unadapted to a daily life. such difficulties with communicating with people makes lives of patients very complicated, make them suffer of misunderstanding, and lead to depression as it was proved by American Psychiatric Association (1980). Indeed, 69% of people with dementia were suffering from depression (from Neundorfer, 2001 American Psychiatric Association, 1980).A group of researchers has found evidence of difference in language comprehension and memory retroflection between males and females the latter are more vulnerable to such changes in cognition due to influence of sex hormones on the brain (from Ott, 2005 Sherwin, 1997)... ...llet, X., N. Raoux, N. le Carret, J. Bouisson, J. Dartigues, H. Amieva. 2009. Gender-related Differences in Visuospatial Memory Persist in Alzheimers Disease. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 24 (issue unknown) 783-789 . Oxford Journals. http//acn.oxfordjournals.org (accessed October 27, 2010).Neundorfer, M., M. McClendon, K. Smyth, J. Stuckey, M. Strauss, M. Patterson. 2001. A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Levels of Depression Among Persons With Alzheimers Disease and Levels of Depression Among Their Family Caregivers. Journal of Gerontology PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 56B (5) 301-313. http//psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org (accessed November 12, 2010).Ott, B., D. Cahn-Weiner. 2005. Gender Differences in Alzheimers Disease. Geriatric Times 2 (6). http//www.cmellc.com/geriatrictimes/g011123.html (accessed October 23, 2010).

Transformation of Islam: Islam in the societies of Central Asia Essays

Arab conquest led to the spread of the Arabic culture within Central Asia, including the spread of the Arabic language as the state and literary language. However, from 700s the authority of Arab governors and military leaders declined, and the flowering of the literature in non-Arabic languages began under the rule of the Samanids and the Karakhanids. Non-Arab peoples go undered the Islamic religion to their way of life. Therefore, this decline in the prestige of the Arabs in politics did not symbolize a failure of Islam, but represented a transformation of Islam in Central Asia. This paper will quantify how the gradual changes in the social status of Arabs and non-Arabs from the 600s to the 700s affected development of Islam. In order to characterize the transformation of Islam, this essay will first look at the biographical notes of Ibn Sina. Then, Ferdowsis Shahname will be discussed. Last, Islam during the period of Turkic rules will be analyzed. As a result of the Islamizati on process, the Arabic language became an important segment of the spiritual, political and social life of the conquered nations (Soucek, page 69). Islamization was accompanied by a transformation of the Arabic language and literature to popular and prestigious means of communication. collect to the fact that the Koran was written in Arabic and translation of holy texts was forbidden (Soucek, page 71), in order to understand Islam conquered tribes had to learn Arabic. Thus, they eventually became carriers of Arabic language and culture. Proficiency in Arabic was an important condition for well being, especially as guarantee of political success (lecture 2, week 4) and prosperity. Moreover, Arabic withal became language through which scholars studied and wro... ...is not restricted only in Arabic. In general, to be Muslim in 600s was not the same as in 700s. If at 600s propagating Islam meant being ethnic Arab, and if not, strictly obeying shariah, comparatively, since 700s new e lements in Islam began to emerge. Core concepts of Islam combined with ancestors cult, belief in omens, and belief in inflame power formed new liberal Islam in Central Asia. This transformation is evident in ibn Sinas works, which promoted Islam as a religion hospitable to science, in Ferdowsis Shahname, which offered an example of new form of Islam containing local elements, and in the Turks conversion to Islam. Overall, it can be assumed that main principles of Islam remain the same however, people adjust religion to their lifestyle by introducing local features, and, apparently, these transformations positively affect actuality of Islam.